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Independence from British colonial rule in 1948 left a complex patchwork of cultural, There are a number of Because the country has more than 100 ethnic groups, with many of them having their own militia, its politically and culturally at odds. Burma has 135 ethnic groups with their own languages and dialects. Myanmars coup has opened an unexpected window of opportunity for the various ethnic rebel 3 Internally displaced people There were some 300,000 individuals displaced in Rakhine, Chin, Kachin and northern Shan States due to armed conflict between the Myanmar military and various ethnic armed groups. As many of the refugees belong to ethnic groups such as the Karen, the Karenni, the Kachin, the Mon and the Shan, we can interpret Burmas civil war as being a clash between the majority Burmans and the minority ethnic groups. Myanmars Ethnic Groups Join Together to Reject Military Rule. Burmese refugees eat at the Thai-Myanmar border town of Mae Sot on Nov. 8, 2010. The teaching of English in schools was banned from 1966 to 1980. By Rina Chandran. It is not easy to define these groups with accuracy. The government recognises 135 distinct ethnic groups. Facebook is still censoring groups fighting the military coup in Myanmar. Ethnicity is defined as someone's cultural background or where they came from. An example of ethnicity is Arab or Indian. However, there have always been many minority ethnic groups in Myanmar as well. The government recognises eight distinct ethnic groups, with dozens of sub-groups, but refuses to acknowledge others. There are over 100 different ethnic groups and sub-ethnic groups within Burma. Accordingly, people of Burma provide differing numbers of ethnic groups that exist in the Actually, as of 2011, the government of Myanmar estimated a total population of almost 55 million people, made up of 135 formally recognized ethnic groups. Nyo Twan Awng was an early adopter of Facebook in Myanmar. In 2019, the United Nations said "grave human rights abuses" by the military were still continuing in the ethnic states of Rakhine, Chin, Shan, Kachin and Karen. They are concentrated in the Irrawaddy River valley and in the coastal strips, with an original homeland in the central dry zone. 140,000 refugees from Burma, mostly Karen, are living in refugee camps in Thailand, some for as many as 20 years. The country is divided into seven regions mainly dominated by the Burmese and seven ethnic states. The Bamar account for around 68% of the population, followed by the Shan (10%), Kayin (7%), Rakhine (4%) and overseas Chinese (3%). Myanmar, a former British colony that is also referred to as Burma because of the Burman ethnic majority, consists of 135 ethnic groups. This arrangement continued until 1937, when Burma was separated from British India and made a separate colony. The rebels who will and wont fight Myanmars coup. The Bamar ethnic majority was reported to be 68 percent of the total, while the largest (Shan) of the many minorities accounted for 9 percent. Religious discrimination is in some cases even Myanmar Demographics The country is very ethnically diverse with 135 ethnic groups recognized by the government. Myanmar's diversity encompasses more than 100 different ethnic groups, and Burmese women make up around 68% of the 51.5 million people in Myanmar. Many in northern Myanmar have the same ethnicity as those across the border in Chinathe Burmese Kachin This demand for federal democracy has gained more and more traction since the second week of the street protests, and as more ethnic groups joined. Mon has comprises 1 ethnic group 4. Myanmar, often referred to as Burma, is a nation in South East Asia. The country has an estimated population of 51.5 million people. Main religions: Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, traditional belief systems (animism). If Myanmars February 1 military coup has accomplished one thing, it has been to bridge some of the differences that have long kept the countrys ethnic minorities apart. In the late 20th century they numbered more than 4 million. Demonstrators wave flags of different ethnic groups during a protest against the military coup in Yangon, Myanmar Thursday, Feb. 18, 2021. The following is an overview of the demographics of Myanmar (also known as Burma), including statistics such as population, ethnicity, language, education level and religious affiliation. Under past military rule, hundreds of thousands of people from ethnic groups were forced off their land. Ten ethnic Taang civilians have been arrested by the Restoration Council of Shan State (RCSS) and conscripted to join its military in Hsipaw Township, northern Shan State, according to local sources. Shan, Shan Tai, Southeast Asian people who live primarily in eastern and northwestern Myanmar (Burma) and also in Yunnan province, China.The Shan are the largest minority group in Myanmar, making up nearly one-tenth of the nations total population. Given the many ethnic groups in Myanmar, the territorial demands of smaller ethnic groups such as the Palaung/Taang within Shan state complicate negotiations to establish a peaceful, federal union. Other main groups include the Nagas, who live in north Burma and are estimated to number more than 100,000, constituting another complex family of Tibetan-Burmese language subgroups. Some of Myanmars ethnic groups have been fighting the central government since 1949, shortly after the country gained independence, with periodic clashes killing untold numbers of How Burma became Myanmar. Soldiers stand next to military vehicles as people gather to protest against the military coup, in Yangon, Myanmar, February 15, 2021. 14 May 2021. Rohingya not only group persecuted in Myanmar, Christian minorities are as well. The Rohingya arent one of them. Nonviolent Peaceforce is helping local actors to protect civilians and build peace in regions where theres conflict. The Karen are among more than a dozen ethnic groups that have been seeking greater autonomy from the central government since Myanmar, then known as Burma Minorities have These include: 1 For Crisis Group reporting on Myanmar since t he 2015 elections, see Asia Reports Ns 308, Re-booting Myanmars Stalled Peace Process, 19 June 2020; 307, An Avoidable War: Politics and Armed Conflict in Myanmars Rakhine State, 9 June 2020; 305, Commerce and Conflict: Navi- There are at least 108 different ethnolinguistic groups in Myanmar, consisting mainly of distinct Tibeto-Burman peoples, but with sizeable populations of TaiKadai, HmongMien, and Austroasiatic (MonKhmer) peoples. These include: 1 For Crisis Group reporting on Myanmar since t he 2015 elections, see Asia Reports Ns 308, Re-booting Myanmars Stalled Peace Process, 19 June 2020; 307, An Avoidable War: Politics and Armed Conflict in Myanmars Rakhine State, 9 June 2020; 305, Commerce and Conflict: Navi- From the Myanmars history shows immigration to be an outcome of colonialism after 1824. Myanmars Ethnic Conflicts Have Multiple Fronts, and High Barriers to Peace. Ethnic Kachin, Chin and Naga endure suffering. The rest are Pashu, Panthe, Pathi and many other ethnic Muslim minorities. Followed by ethnic Shan (9%), Keren (8%), Kachin (7%), Rakhine (4%). The dominant ethnic group in Myanmar is known as the Bamar, from which the original English name of the country, Burma, was derived. Many ethnic groups have governance structures or authorities that have systems in place to address the immediate humanitarian crises. By Tom Fawthrop. It was the ruling majority ethnic group that gave the country its name. of ethnic armed groups in the country). Myanmar anti-coup groups must cooperate with Muslims We must unite with all ethnic, religious groups to defeat military rule, says director of Burma Human Rights Those ethnic groups have long fought the military in seeking greater local autonomy in the Buddhist-majority but multiethnic country. Contents. For decades, some of these groups have been fighting for more autonomy. The Womens League of Burma reported rapes and gang rapes in 2003 and 2004 in all provinces with significant ethnic minority populations, as well as in central Burma. Last modified on Wed 28 Apr 2021 16.07 EDT. If all the ethnic armed groups unite, they can win, said Isaac. Many other ethnic groups in Myanmar including the Kachin, the Shan, the Karen endure shocking violence at the hands of the armed forces of Ethnic minorities make up about 40% of Myanmars 52 million people, but the central government and the military leadership have long been dominated by the countrys Burman ethnic majority. The Burmans, who form the largest group, account for more than half of the population. The state recognises 135 distinct ethnic groups, a number usually cited without qualification but based on dubious lists that amateur colonial linguists and physiognomists compiled almost 100 years ago. Mainly from Myanmar (Burma), accounting for 68% of the population of Myanmar. In Myanmar, Kachin and Chin ethnic groups both have over 90 percent of Christians. Editorial. The Rohingya are Myanmar officially recognises 135 ethnic groups but Rohingya Muslims have been rendered stateless and stripped of their citizenship. Conflict in Burma is orientated along two main axes that stem from the same source; a predominantly urban movement struggling to achieve greater accountability and democracy, and an overlapping set of conflicts between Many ethnic groups in Myanmar want more autonomy. Eight major ethnic groups are officially recognized as: 1. Rakhine/Arakan has comprises 7 ethnic groups Closely related to the Kayin is the Kayah group of ethnic nationalities, also known According to the 1982 Myanmar Nationality Law, 135 ethnic groups living in Myanmar are born citizens. A prominent ethnic armed group in Myanmar said it had captured a military base near the Thai ethnic minorities as belonging to Myanmar either. Ethnic Armed Group Drafts Civilians in Myanmars Shan State. Its denials of the damaging policy do not stand up to scrutiny. Bamar has comprises 9 ethnic groups 2. Since 2015, 10 armed groups have signed a nationwide ceasefire agreement with the civilian government after Myanmar's tentative democratic transition following Myanmar is a country of great ethnic diversity. And not all groups oppose the army to the same extent, she added. According to The World Factbook, the Burman population is 68% and the ethnic groups constitute 32%. Although the Burmese government has officially recognized more than 100 of these groups, many Myanmar ethnic groups remain victims of state-sanctioned abuse and violence and continue to rise up in insurgency. The political stance of the Karen will vary with their experience. Contents. Myanmar has been at war within its borders for decades, with government troops battling ethnic armed groups seeking greater autonomy. Armed wing of the National Unity Government (NUG) Formed in May 2021 Myanmar is a true cultural mosaic. Population of Myanmar by census. Ethnic minority groups in Burmaparticularly internally displaced Rohingya, Rakhine, Shan, and Kachin communitiescontinued to be at elevated risk of forced labor as a result of ongoing military action. Categorising people into distinctive ethnic groups is a problematic task that necessarily over-simplifies a complex reality. Kachins are located in the north-east of Myanmar in the mountain, not so far from the Chinese border (Yunan) Both Karen and Kachin peoples have very strong ethnic armed groups, and the whole nation is putting hopes in them to jointly fight against the Tatmadaw (Burmese Army). More than a dozen ethnic armed groups are fighting for autonomy against Myanmars national army, known as the Tatmadaw. Karen ethnic group has a large population, with more than half of them being Christians. Our estimated total population is more than 10% of the population of Myanmar, he added. Even if one is not an ethnic, a foreigner can marry a citizen, and after living in Myanmar for two generations, he or she can apply for citizenship. Christian refugees from Myanmar are one of the top groups receiving asylum in the United States. Myanmar is a country of proud historical and cultural traditions, rich with natural resources. The Karen are among more than 12 ethnic groups in Myanmar that have been asking for greater independence from the central government. Ethnicity in Myanmar is complex. Spiraling conflict in Myanmar sends thousands fleeing as military targets rebels. An ethnolinguistic map of Burma. As Myanmars civilian death toll rises in government-controlled areas, wide support for armed resistance and a federal army, comprised of Myanmars armed ethnic groups Plans to Reform The Voting System in Time For The 2015 Elections Population estimates reveal 3% to be Chi- nese and 2% Indians residing in Myanmar. Theravada Buddhism is the dominant religion among the majority Bamar ethnic group and among the Shan, Rakhine, Mon, and numerous other ethnic groups. Myanmar has more than 20 ethnic rebel groups, many of whom hold territories in the country's border regions. Below is a full list of active resistance groups from 2009 to present. How many ethnic groups and different languages in Burma? They live primarily in border areas that form a horseshoe around the fertile rice fields of Myanmar's heartland, which is dominated by the Bamar ethnic majority. Described by UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres as "one of, if not the, most discriminated people in the world", the Rohingya are one of Myanmar's many ethnic minorities. Paramilitary organizations of Myanmar's ethnic groups include the influential Karen National Union ( Why has Myanmar endured so many ethnic conflicts? Kayah / Karenni. Even self- identification of ethnicity poses problems as some people may [] The Bamar form an estimated 68% of the population. More than a dozen ethnic armed groups are fighting for autonomy against Myanmars national army, known as the Tatmadaw. By collaborating with these ethnic leaders, they can deepen the coalition so that it can put forth a new and sustainable political settlement once the military is gone. Under the 2008 constitution, the Palaung Self-Administered Zone was established, consisting of Namhsan and Manton townships in northern Shan state. They are grouped in the following order: New Ceasefire groups, Combatant groups, BGF transformed groups, PMF transformed groups, Special Case groups and Defunct groups. Both the military and ethnic armed groups continued to use anti-personnel mines and improvised explosive devices (IEDs). There are 135 officially recognised ethnic groups in Myanmar. Kachin Kayah Kayin Chin Bamar Mon Rakhine Shan: Kachin group includes 12 ethnic groups. The Rohingya are an ethnic minority subject to persecution, crimes against humanity, and even genocide. Population of Myanmar by census. The NUGM says the PDF is the precursor of a federal union army that will include the many ethnic insurgent groups and will overthrow the junta (which seized power in Myanmar The Rohingya people are an ethnic group from Myanmar, once called Burma. A doctor, he joined the social network in 2013, and said he used it to source medical information, as well as to share his poems and articles about art and literature. The Myanmar military's sustained conflict with ethnic minorities has displaced hundreds of thousands of people, and rights groups have long linked soldiers to Burmese is also spoken by the Mon ethnic minority group and some other minority ethnic groups in Myanmar. Rebel groups see opportunity in post-coup Myanmar. Bush visited a refugee camp for the Karen ethnic group in 2008 and lobbied lawmakersand ever since the state has thrown open its arms. By collaborating with these ethnic leaders, they can deepen the coalition so that it can put forth a new and sustainable political settlement once the military is gone. Under the government led by Suu Kyi, only two ethnic armed groups agreed to a cease-fire with the military. Currently, the government is pursuing peace negotiations with all rebel groups. Symbolism. The main ethnic groups living in the seven ethnic minority states of Burma are the Karen, Shan, Mon, Chin, Kachin, Rakhine and Karenni. The Karen are among more than a dozen ethnic groups that have been seeking greater autonomy from the central government since Myanmar, then known as Burma, became independent from Britain in 1948. An ethnic rebel group in northern Myanmar said it shot down a government military helicopter Monday during heavy fighting. Ethnic armies rescue Myanmars democratic forces. The attractions are Mount Zwekabin, caves and pagodas to visit. The Karen are an ethnic group from Burma (Myanmar), many of whom fled Burma due to religious and ethnic persecution by the government. The following is an overview of the demographics of Myanmar (also known as Burma), including statistics such as population, ethnicity, language, education level and religious affiliation. The issue of inclusion in Myanmar amongst the countrys many ethnic groups has a complex history and has, since independence, played a key role in The result is that it has produced several hundreds of thousands of refugees and internally displaced persons. Hence, many Karen will not identify with the Burmese in a positive light. identification, this report will refer to majority ethnic group in Myanmar as Bamar. Myanmar is one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world. 135 ethnic groups (Shan, Karen, Karenni, Mon, Kachin, Chin and Arakanais etc) are officially listed by the government. Unless Myanmar ceases its genocide against this nation the International Community will have no choice but to intervene on humanitarian grounds. Besides the Bamar, Myanmar is also home to many minority ethnic groups and nationalities which have their own distinct cultures and languages. Myanmar security forces killed an anti-coup protester and wounded a toddler in fresh violence overnight, media reported on Monday, as activists called on armed ethnic groups Michael Hart Thursday, May 24, 2018. Many ethnic groups have governance structures or authorities that have systems in place to address the immediate humanitarian crises. While some of the larger groups are concentrated in geographic regions or in states and enjoy some degree of power, others are Do you think Myanmar will succeed in integrating its many peoples in a fair and lasting manner? Armed clashes between Myanmars military and ethnic armed groups along the Myanmar-China border occasionally spill into China. The conflicts in Myanmar between ethnic armed groups and the military, which have gone on since 1948, constitute what can be considered the world's longest civil war. of ethnic armed groups in the country). 06/02/2021 Myanmar (International Christian Concern) Home to at least 135 ethnic groups, Myanmar is known for its diversity. Burmese government forces continue to clash with many ethnic groups in northern Myanmar From September 11 to 12 local time, the Burmese government army's 88 mobile division and the 6th brigade of the Kachin Independence Armed Forces clashed continuously near Muse in northern Shan State.