thermal neutrons, from 0 to 0.5 eV in energy, can either increase or decrease depending on the hydrogen abundance and stratigraphy. The Lunar Prospector's Neutron Spectrometer (NS) instrument measured the flux of ejected neutrons in four energy ranges [thermal neutrons (0 to 0.4 eV), epithermal neutrons (0.4 eV to 0.7 MeV), moderated neutrons (0 to 0.8 MeV) and fast neutrons (0.8 MeV to 8 MeV)]. Abstract: We present improved resolution maps of the Lunar Prospector Neutron Spectrometer thermal, epithermal and fast neutron data and Gamma-Ray Spectrometer Th-line fluxes via global application of pixon image reconstruction techniques. With the use of mock data sets, we show that the pixon image reconstruction method compares favorably with other methods that have been … We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Understanding the Moon is the most important issue confronting geosciences and planetary sciences. Lunar Prospector was the third mission selected by NASA for full development and construction as part of the Discovery Program. Lunar Prospector (LP) was a spin-stabilized spacecraft, operating in a 100 km circular, polar orbit around the Moon during its Primary Mission in 1998. （原始內容存檔於2010-05-27）. Learn everything an expat should know about managing finances in Germany, including bank accounts, paying taxes, getting insurance and investing. While lunar gamma-ray spectroscopy was first demonstrated with Apollo Gamma-Ray measurements, the full value of combined gamma-ray and neutron spectroscopy was shown for the first time with the Lunar Prospector Gamma-Ray (LP-GRS) and Neutron Spectrometers (LP-NS). Included on Lunar Prospector is an experiment called the Neutron Spectrometer. Lunar Prospector's two most important geochemical mapping sensors were designed for gamma-ray spectrometry (GRS) and neutron spectrometry. The Moon has a number of permanently shadowed craters near the poles with continuous temperatures of … Neutrons, gamma rays, and X-rays are used to measure the subsurface elemental composition of Solar System bodies, providing insights into their formation and evolution. Neutron measurements from LP were used to determine the surface abundance of hydrogen at both poles of the Moon … A Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (GRS) and a Neutron Spectrometer (NS) have provided global maps of major and trace elemental composition of the lunar surface, with special emphasis on a search for polar water-ice deposits implied by the H abundance. Lunar Prospector gamma-ray spectrometer spectra along with counting rate maps of thorium, potassium, and iron delineate large compositional variations over the lunar surface. NASA. The Lunar Prospector Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS) produced the first global measurements of gamma-ray spectra from the lunar surface, from which are derived the first "direct" measurements of the chemical composition for the entire lunar surface. The instrument had a surface resolution of 150 km (93 mi). 1998 Lunar Prospector detected the presence of water ice at both lunar poles, using data from the spacecraft's neutron spectrometer instrument. Többszöri halasztás után, 1997 szeptembere helyett, 1998. január 7-én hajnalban elindulhatott az amerikaiak új hordozórakétájával a Lunar Prospector (holdi talajkutató) űrszonda. These Lunar Prospector (LP) spectrometer special products contain data from the neutron and gamma ray spectrometers. In Mar. As with the highly successful Lunar Prospector Neutron Spectrometer, the RP NSS detects both thermal and epithermal neutrons by using two helium-3 gas proportional counters, one covered by cadmium and Lunar Prospector (0 Parameters Set) {GRS, NS, APS, MAG, ER} - Gamma Ray Spectrometer, Neutron Spectrometer, APS, Magnetometer,Electron Reflectometer Raw Data Raw Data (0 Parameters Set) Lunar Prospector MERGED Level 0 Data (MDR) Description ER - Electron Reflectometer Calibrated Data (0 Parameters Set) The Lunar Prospector, a NASA Discovery mission, was launched into lunar orbit in January 1998. Lunar Prospector carries a gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS) and a neutron spectrometer (NS) which together, will provide global maps of the major element (O, Si, Fe, Ti, and perhaps Mg, Al, and Ca) and trace element (U, Th, K, and H) composition of the lunar surface. neutron count rate in Lunar Prospector (LP) Neutron Spectrometer data [1]; UV reflectance ratios measured by the Lyman Alpha Mapping Project onboard the Lu-nar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) [2]; high reflectance values at 1064 nm wavelength from Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) measurements [3]; and diagnostic measured using the Lunar Prospector (LP) neutron spectrometer (NS). In 1998 NASA's Lunar Prospector mission used the presence of hydrogen as a sign of potential ice deposits. What Lunar Prospector scientists can't yet determine is exactly how many craters at the north and south poles contain the 10 to 300 million tons of water ice measured by the neutron spectrometer. 1. Thorium and potassium are highly concentrated in and around the nearside western maria and less so in the South Pole–Aitken basin. The neutron spectrometer aboard Lunar Prospector looks for these epithermal neutrons as a signature for hydrogen on the surface. European Space Agency. The spacecraft was … A három fokozatú, szilárd hajtóanyagú Athena 2 rakéta, a floridai Cape Canaveral új, kereskedelmi indítóhelyéről először alacsony Föld körüli pályára juttatta a holdszondát és gyorsítórakétáját. Methods and Results: The fast neutron data cap-tured by the Lunar Prospector Neutron Spectrometer is sensitive to the average atomic mass of the surface and as such is dominated by the major element chemistry of the surface. The first delivery of higher level science data from the LP mission is scheduled to be delivered to PDS on Sep. 1, 2000. The spacecraft carried six instruments: a Gamma Ray Spectrometer, a Neutron Spectrometer, a Magnetometer, an Electron Reflectometer, an Alpha Particle Spectrometer, and a Doppler Gravity Experiment. The Lunar Prospector Neutron Spectrometer (NS) is designed to detect small amounts of hydrogen which may exist on or near the Moon's surface. Each ASCII file contains header information followed … The NS was designed to detect minute amounts of water ice which were believed to exist on the Moon. The Lunar Prospector's neutron spectrometer returned data that seemed to support the existence of water ice locked up in permanently shadowed polar craters, a situation suggested by analysis of Clementine's results. The orbit was lowered to 30 km for the Extended Mission that began in January 1999. Instruments- Gammaray spectrometer, alpha particle spectrometer, neutron spectrometer, magnetometer, electron reflectometer Discovery- Evidence of water ice at Moon's poles On January 6, 1998 at 9:28 pm, NASA's Lunar Prospector blasted off into space on its way to the moon for a one-year polar orbit. Water ice probably exists at both the Moon's north and south poles, according to data sent back to Earth by NASA's Lunar Prospector. derived, and fast neutron validated, maps of CaO, SiO2, and Al2O3, elements not measured by the LP GRS. These Lunar Prospector (LP) spectrometer special products contain data from the neutron and gamma ray spectrometers. All data products are provided in two formats: an ASCII table and a binary image. Each ASCII file contains header information followed by column formatted data separated by commas. Dawn (« Aube » en anglais) est une sonde spatiale de la NASA, dont la mission consiste à étudier Vesta et Cérès, les deux principaux corps de la ceinture d'astéroïdes.Lancée en 2007, Dawn a entamé ses observations en 2011, en se plaçant en orbite autour de Vesta, puis de Cérès, et les a achevées en 2018. At a cost of $62.8 million, the 19-month mission was designed for a low polar orbit investigation of the Moon, including mapping of surface composition including polar ice deposits, measurements of magnetic and gravity fields, and study of lunar outgassing events. Lunar Prospector carried a neutron spectrometer to investigate the composition of the topmost layer of lunar soil, the regolith, within about 1 metre (3 feet) of the surface. 2007-02-26 [2010-03-29]. ^ SMART-1 factsheet. ^ Lunar Prospector: Neutron Spectrometer. Neutrons and gamma rays are highly penetrating particles made by the steady bombardment of the regolith of airless bodies by galactic cosmic rays. The Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS) was contained in a cylinder mounted by itself on one of the spacecraft booms. <?php // Plug-in 8: Spell Check// This is an executable example with additional code supplie The mean lifetime to $\beta$-decay of free neutrons is an important parameter for several areas of physics. However, current laboratory measurements of this lifetime, applying two independent approaches, differ by over … ^ China's first lunar probe ends mission. Traces of hydrogen could be implanted in the Moon's rocks by the solar wind , but significant amounts of hydrogen could only … The instruments were omnidirectional and required no sequencing. Introduction [2] Lunar mare basalts constitute only ∼17% of the surface area of the Moon and … This experiment is designed to detect minute amounts of water ice at a level of less than 0.01%. The neutron spectrometer was a narrow cylinder colocated with the Alpha Particle Spectrometer at the end of one of the three radial Lunar Prospector science booms. The instrument had a surface resolution of 150 km (93 mi). The neutron spectrometer consisted of two canisters each containing helium-3 and an energy counter. In December 1998, project scientists lowered the Lunar Prospector's orbit to 40 km and later to 30 km. It was spin-stabilized (nominal spin rate 12 rpm) with its spin axis normal to the ecliptic plane. Lunar orbiter; Orbital insertion: January 11, 1998, 10:28 UTC: Impact site: 87°42′S 42°06′E / 87.7°S 42.1°E / Orbits ~7060: Instruments; Gamma ray spectrometer (GRS) Lunar Prospector neutron spectrometer (NS) Alpha particle spectrometer (APS) Doppler gravity experiment (DGE) Magnetometer (MAG) Electron reflectometer (ER) 2001 [2010-03-29]. This site may be down on Thursdays between 7:00 and 9:30 pm Central Time for maintenance. These Lunar Prospector (LP) gamma ray and neutron spectrometer special products and associated documentation have been prepared by the LP Spectrometer Team as part of a NASA Lunar Data Analysis Program.
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