This is a time jump of approximately 150 years; the city of Jerusalem has already been destroyed and the people are living in captivity. 1:20 and 40:5, 58:14; What video game is Charlie playing in Poker Face S01E07? . I will list a few of them. Two hundred years ago, none of the major historians, Herodotus and Xenophon included, had any clue as to who Sargon was. But after the Babylonian Captivity the sins of the Jews were different. "(Jerome, Commentary on Isaiah, Chap. What evidence is there that Jesus went to India? Cyrus (580-529 BC) was the first Achaemenid Emperor, Who says Jesus couldnt predict the fall of Jerusalem, judaism.stackexchange.com/questions/31318/, skeptics.stackexchange.com/questions/17871/, Its Difficult to Make Predictions, Especially About the Future, http://biblechronologybooks.com/scientificmethod.html, http://biblechronologybooks.com/hebrewkings.html, http://www.chabad.org/parshah/article_cdo/aid/579794/jewish/Haftorah-in-a-Nutshell.htm, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. In Judea: prophecy of Zephaniah, Jeremiah, Obadiah, and Habakkuk I am the Lord, your Holy One, John Oswalt. 3) Then also, the manner of describing the year in Isaiah 20:1 is suitable for the age in which Isaiah was written. Welcome to History SE James. -1. Ch 2: Israel Forsakes God Ch 3:6 Unfaithful Israel Isaiah, called the prince of the prophets, wrote with exceptional beauty and imagery. Cynics claim this section must have been written once Cyrus has become King of Persia or around that time or afterwards, and that the Jews have dishonestly pretended this is prophecy when in fact it wasn't. from Cuta, from Avva, from Amat and from Sefarvaim (2 Kings 17,24). Isaiah prophesized the coming of the Messiah Jesus Christ. Story of Esther, (535 BC: First portion of Ezra; 515 BC: Second portion of Ezra and Haggai and Zecharia; Joel possibly some time later; 474 BC: Esther; 450 BC: Remainder of Ezra, Nehemiah, and Malachi. There is no good reason to doubt it was all written by the Prophet Isaiah whose prophetic ministry had started by 739 BC when King Uzziah died (Isaiah 6:1) and who died after the death of King Hezekiah, in the sole reign of King Manasseh which began 686 BC. 1 Chronicles 16:30 (KJV) . The idea of multiple authors of Isaiah began with Johann Doederlein, professor of theology at Jena, a rationalist who lived in the "Age of Enlightenment", and who died over 150 years before the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls. For example:-, I am the Lord: that is my name: and my glory will I not give to another, neither my praise to graven images. 11:12 and 56:8; Nevertheless, some believers accept the visions of Isaiah without perplexity, because they think that the prophecies contained in the "Proto Isaiah" concern the great destruction of Sennacherib of 689, after the attempt of Babylon to free itself from the yoke of the Assyrians. countrymen had fallen. almost complete. But as for the book of Isaiah there is unanimous agreement in every ancient Old Testament version that Isaiah wrote the whole of the book of Isaiah. ), During this period Judah became the sovereign nation of Israel: The Maccabean Revolt 167 to 160 BC. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned A&E Television Networks, LLC. And thou wentest to the king with ointment, and didst increase thy perfumes, and didst send thy messengers far off, and didst debase thyself even unto hell. Got any scholarly links for this stuff (particularly the second to the last paragraph)? All Rights Reserved. They were being asked to leave their comfort zones and obey God. Isaiah was a Hebrew prophet who was believed to have lived about 700 years before the birth of Jesus Christ. There are very few foreign loan words in the Hebrew of either 1-39 or 40-66. The term "the Holy One of Israel" referring to God is used many times in Isaiah but rarely outside the book of Isaiah: it is used 15 times in 1-39 and 14 times in 40-66 but only 6 times throughout the rest if the Old Testament and one of those 6 times is when referring to the words of Isaiah (2 Kings 19:22). and proclaim to her See other such passages: Isaiah 40:19-23; 41:6-7; 41:23; 42:17; 45:16; 45:20-21; 46:6-13; 65:7; 66:17. Is it plausible for constructed languages to be used to affect thought and control or mold people towards desired outcomes? For example, Christian gospel "may" have predicted fall of Jerusalem before 70 AD. And some of your descendants, your own flesh and blood who will be born to you, will be taken away, and they will become eunuchs in the palace of the king of Babylon. Isaiah 39:57. Fascinating. So it appears that there are three distinct timelines in Isaiah, and the time between them is so great that they couldnt have been written in the present by the same person. Most of the Hebrew Bible (OT) is comprised of anthologies and compilations that represent collections culled from diverse sources, oral and written, that were edited and composed into the "books" which we have today. 125 BCE, it is It only speaks of true prophets and false prophets. There are three items in Isaiah 20:1 which give clues as to when it was written: In the year that Tartan came unto Ashdod, (when Sargon the king of Assyria sent him,) and fought against Ashdod, and took it; 1) The use of the term Tartan shows at least this section of Isaiah was written early, prior to 600 bc. If you know Luther, you know table talk, his comments sitting at table that were collected together. [Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi, Ezra and Nehemiah] ever mentions the reappearance Note2: In Christian world, this sort of "I told you so" fulfillment lead to disputes of when a text is actually written. Cross posted at, @Henry - tense has nothing to do with it. Therefore they could not believe, because that Esaias said again, He They have not known nor understood: for he hath shut their eyes, that they cannot see; and their hearts, that they cannot understand. The fact that the Greek terms Kyrios and Kyros may have been misunderstood (Kyrios and Kyros in Greek are common names and can be translated with lord, king, boss, master, authority and guide but Kyros also corresponds to the proper name Cyrus) may have contributed to spread the conviction that the prophet Isaiah made clear reference to the Persian emperor, two centuries in advance. @Henry - Indeed. A major objection is that parts of the book are not . Is there any evidence of arachnophobia in ancient history? We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. A. But then the timeline appears to skip ahead about 150 years. The passages in question are Isaiah 44 and 45, which is in the middle of the so called. Modern scholars argue that the book of Isaiah is a collection of writings by various anonymous writers whose writings have been added over the centuries following the time of Isaiah. Oh, and at the time Isaiah was written, they absolutely had a work for ball or globe. Isaiah is the only Major Prophet whose story takes place before the fall of Jerusalem. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,.css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}contact us! Using Kolmogorov complexity to measure difficulty of problems? Flashcards. against whom we have sinned? The text is written so as to appear that the prophecy had taken place before the event, when in fact it was written after the events supposedly predicted. and he shall fulfill all my purpose; and level the exalted places,[a] Were there any other known poets during his time? who spread out the earth by myself, v24 Learn. One of his predictions was about the city Babylon. By submitting your email address, you understand that you will receive email communications from HarperCollins Christian Publishing (501 Nelson Place, Nashville, TN 37214 USA) providing information about products and services of HCCP and its affiliates. God sent them into captivity and God brought them back from captivity, and the prediction of Cyrus by name proved that it was the God of Isaiah, the LORD God of their forefathers who had done everything. I think it's that sense that Okay. For 53:1 the author of John's Gospel tells us that it was that which Isaiah spake, and for 6:10 and 6:1 the author tells us that Isaiah said again. See: Who says Jesus couldnt predict the fall of Jerusalem. (B) Born and raised in Portland, Oregon, I'm half Italian, half African-American. One problem with this is that the sins which are so vigorously condemned in 40-66 are the sins of the pre-captivity ie the sins before going into exile in Babylon, they are the sins of Israel and Judah prior to the destruction of the Northern tribes and Judah prior to the destruction of Judah in the early 500s bc. tyro payments share price. During the return from captivity, later disciples added more. So I don't think his text can be used as evidence for anything. I merely mean their belief is a cynical view of the book of Isaiah, and necessarily attributes bad motives - including an intention to mislead - to someone, somewhere in the production of the book of Isaiah as we have it today. Speak tenderly to Jerusalem, We have numerous reasons to believe the book of Daniel was written when Daniel said it was written, between 604 B.C. @user438 The hypothesis that prophecies generally don't work isn't assumed totally. It was, then, in God's kindness that he predicted Cyrus by name. Vaticinium ex eventu is a form of hindsight bias. the whore. us before the scrolls' discovery. In my view, all of the above points 1 to 8 are accumulative evidence that the whole of chapters 44-66, along with the word "Cyrus" in 44:28 and 45:1, was written at the same time as 1-39, before the Babylonian Captivity, which started about 605 BC. their eyes, nor understand with their heart, and be converted, and I should heal 6 All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all. For historians and for non-believers reasons of perplexity come mainly from the prophecies about the fall of Babylon (Isaiah 13-14 and 21) and the announcement of the liberator Cyrus (Isaiah 44 and 45), considered too distant from the period in which Isaiah lived . loose, To open before him two-leaved doors, Yea, gates are not shut: However, it is possible that the book of Isaiah is simply written after the event and written in a way that make it look as if it could predict prophecy. Eugene Faulstich who has worked on Bible Chronology believed it was written by one author. Neque enim Kyrio, quod Dominum sonat, sed Cyro dicitur, here Hebraice appellatur Khores, regi Persarum, here Babylonem Chaldaeosque superavit. Louis F. Hartman and Alexander A. that you may know that it is I, the Lord, The question is "Why would any editor/redactor place this passage by some future anonymous prophet in this part of the book"? Still others, like Dr. John Oswalt, argue that Isaiah was the original source for all 66 chapters, but that the book was assembled over the years from his collected works: his speeches, sermons, talks, and comments. Isaiah's call was in year King Uzziah died--748 BC. Yet The Book of Isaiah in Chapters 44 and 45 speaks of Cyrus in no uncertain terms: Who is saying of Cyrus, My shepherd, And all my delight He doth :-). This fits with the timeline of chapters 1-39, where the Babylonian captivity clearly hasn't taken place yet. We need to make a comparison between the three prophets, Isaiah, Daniel, and Zechariah, in two matters: in God's economy toward His chosen people and in Christ for the people of His concern. He see's God as in control of history from Day One. The only possible conclusion to draw is that Write CSS OR LESS and hit save. Scholars date the scroll of Isaiah to at least 150 years before Jesus ever walked the face of the Earth. Before 687BC. That the activity of Deutero-Isaiah falls into the final phase of exile can be substantiated: It's child's play to "predict things" after the event. Thou art wearied in the greatness of thy way; yet saidst thou not, There is no hope: thou hast found the life of thine hand; therefore thou wast not grieved. Most scholars agree that the prophet Isaiah likely only wrote a portion of the book, but recent scholarship also argues that even the portions he didnt physically write originated with him in some form. But, there are serious problems with this view (that some anonymous prophets were involved in the production of the final book of Isaiah): There aren't any. But already the Jewish commentator Ibn Esra concluded around 1138 that the book was not written in one go. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. The Jewish world before the Babylonian Captivity was very different to their world post-Captivity. Thus Cyrus would have had both a Persian name(when in Persia), and a Semitic name(when in Assyria/Babylon). There is the prophesies of the book of Daniel and Isaiah, there's some in Jeremiah and one in Micah saying where the Saviour would be born, but, when it comes to detailed accurate prophesies, there are not so many. When an anonymously written work is produced there arises speculation as the the author. There would typically be one Tartan controlling the left side of the battlefield and another controlling the right side, and the King controlling the middle deployment. . Is there any research explicitly contradicting facts in Suvorov's "Icebreaker" book series claiming that Stalin intended to attack Hitler in 1941? . For others, believers and non-believers, from chapter 40 onwards, the prophecies would have been, instead, elaborated by a "Deutero Isaia", certainly inspired, but lived in the days of exile. who alone stretched out the heavens, Haggai and Zechariah write about the period 525 to 515 BC, Malachi is some time after the Captivity, probably about 430 BC, Ezra is writing about the events of the whole period from 539 BC to very roughly 430 BC, Nehemiah is writing about the period 445 to 430 BC. This fact is recognized by the various New Testament writers, who quoted Isaiah more than 90 times. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. "Cyrus"? "The oracle concerning Babylon which Isaiah the son of Amoz saw." It seems to me it comes down to what you believe is true. If you have any questions, please review our. . "Behold, it is written before me: I will not keep silence without having recompensed, and I will recompense into their bosom. that she has received from the Lords hand Most significantly there are three prisms in which Sennacharib relates his attacks on Judaea from 704 to 681 BC (Google "Sennacharib's Annals"). translations. Is there any corroborating evidence for the story of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego? Can We Prove Who Wrote the Book of Isaiah? The conversion from idolatry, the liberation of the people and the return of the exiles are guided by a mysterious character, sometimes identified as a humble Servant and sometimes as anointed Lord. Should I receive comfort in these? The theme of returning home is clearly present, not only in Deutero and in the Isaiah Tritus, but also and especially in Proto-Isaiah. Moreover, in ancient Greek "Kyros", in addition to indicating the proper name of a Persian emperor, meant "power, power, supremacy, absolute authority" and was the probable origin of the best known Greek term "Kyrios" (sir, master, capo), practically equivalent to "O ekon Kuros" (the one with authority). While other prophets talk about the future, Isaiah seems to talk in the future. 1:11 and 1:14 with 43:24; the worship of graven images there was unknown. and to whom is the arm of the Lord revealed? The destruction of Jerusalem and the Babylonian exile took place in the sixth century, but in chapters 4055, Isaiah speaks about these events as though theyve already happened. It is assumed that Isaiah arranged his writings into their present order, although a scribe or disciple may have done so. Isaiahs writings divide easily into two main collections or books of prophecies: The Two books are written almost entirely in Hebrew poetry and they are joined by a few historical chapters(3639) written mostly inprose. Match. Is everyone a gullible fool except the modern scholar? Test. revealed? Isaiah 53. Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the US and other countries around the globe. and 532 B.C.
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