Polygon and grid overlay procedures produce useful information only if they are performed on data layers that are properly georegistered. Publications To heal the earth: Selected writings of Ian L. McHarg. . Ian McHarg ( November 20, 1920-March 5, 2001 ) was a landscape architect and the founder of the Department of Landscape Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania. But, one must be sensitive to inconsistencies Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1998. Part of the explanation is that the overlay method was unbalanced to the extent of being flawed. Pellentesq, View answer & additonal benefits from the subscription, Explore recently answered questions from the same subject, Explore documents and answered questions from similar courses. In fact, its history and essence are closely tied to our industry. To do this he must design with nature." :( 0000028108 00000 n Ecological planning: Method and evaluation. McHargs story is one of a joyful childhood living equal distance from the city and country, the hideousness of WWII and his subsequent return to bulldozed memories. He was the founder of the department of landscape architecture at the University of Pennsylvania. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. xc```b`c`e` `6H+hN\wkn87T=[R+ S 2P &QMa9o+h0nf`B q.Ss@ % inundation, Historic values recreational and wildlife resources on the island. McHargs solution was an alternative routing through an area to To do that, he developed an eligibility analysis through a technique he called "overlay mapping". Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. One problem with vector overlay is the possible generation of sliver polygons. By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. His father was a manager and later a salesman in the industrial city of Glasgow, Scotland. Academic Search Complete, Schnadelbach, R. Terry, et al. map- overlay method as a scienti c process, and combination of Lawrence Henderson and Charles Darwin's work for his theory of creative tting. `H In 1969, he published Design with Nature, which was essentially a book of step-by-step instructions on how to break down a region into its appropriate uses. For use on design projects, it was too scientific and too determinist. Overlay analysis is a common method for creating a suitability model which involves using GIS techniques and software. Firstly, landscape architecture already has a computational culture embedded within it, which became significant in the late 1960s to the early 1970s, and is associated with Graphic Overlay Sketch In 1968 the landscape architect Ian McHarg published the book "Design With Nature". He was searching for the optimum route for a new highway that would be associated with suburban development. accident bonne sur menoge aujourd hui. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie, or nec facilisis. PennDesign has set up a website and announced thatIn recognition of McHargs legacy, the department of landscape architecture at Penn is establishing The Ian L. McHarg Center: Urbanism and Ecology, a nexus of research, teaching, and advocacy for improving the relationship between cities and their landscapes, and processes of urbanization and ecosystems. In a book on Reconsidering Ian McHarg (2014) he argues for, Ian McHargs legacy to landscape architecture & landscape urbanism, London Open Space and Greenspace Planning, Videos about the attempted removal of the President of the Landscape Institute in June 2022. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. McHarg's use of the overlay method, while not resolving this thorny issue, was a forerunner to later forms of complex analysis in multi-criteria route evaluation and decision making. Environment Complete. Donec aliquet. 0000041496 00000 n Donec aliquet. web.archive.org Save to Library Create Alert Cite One Citation Citation Type More Filters You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. year construction was stopped by the New York City Department of Highways and In Scotland he worked on housing and programs in "new towns", until he was contacted by Dean G. Holmes Perkins from the University of Pennsylvania. Simple Descriptive Scaling Scaling weighing D . on the 9.5 mile-long parkway began in 1966 from the southwest tip of the island was the issue facing the planners of the Richmond Parkway of Staten } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br OVERLAY METHOD FOR SITE ANALYSIS Mchargs starting point was usually a physiographic . Polygon and grid overlay procedures produce useful information only if they are performed on data layers that are properly georegistered. Design with Nature provided limited indications . Over that en- ergy and attention there were to elaborate theory and method, to show haw beneficial could be to the society of his time . ian mcharg passed away on march 5, 2001 of pulmonary disease at the age of 80. during his lifetime, ian mcharg s impact on both gis and the environmental movement were legendary. Ian McHarg undoubtedly will be remembered as one of the most influential landscape architects of the 20th century. It was at this time that fellow landscape architect and Professor Ian McHarg's ecological planning and overlay method of design was redefining practice and teaching. He was admitted to the school of architecture at Harvard University's Graduate School of Design where he received professional degrees in both landscape architecture and city planning in 1949. His 1969 bookDesign with Nature pioneered the concept of ecological planning. 0000000015 00000 n Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Geddes was the first European to use the term landscape architect in its Olmstedian sense, and the most important influence on McHargs approach to landscape architecture. 2010-2017 SmartTheme. federally aided highway projects from 1970 forward. In addition, the map overlay analysis used by McHarg lead to further of Staten Island (later renamed the Korean War Veterans Memorial Parkway) that values (lakes, ponds, streams, etc. 0000042009 00000 n "[7] To this end man is a "planetary disease", who has lived with no regard for nature. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. Award, the Thomas Jefferson Foundation Medal in Architecture, the Japan Prize Of man, McHarg said, "He treats the world as a storehouse existing for his delectation; he plunders, rapes, poisons, and kills this living system, the biosphere, in ignorance of its workings and its fundamental value. The following five indicators of. endobj Topological overlay is a process whereby separate layers sharing the same spatial extent are merged in different ways. What is GIS? Phrase Culte Gladiator, his philosophy of incorporating environmental concerns into designs, leading to Ian McHarg was the original co-designer of The Woodlands, Texas, an unincorporated community in Montgomery County, Texas. of human activities will pay huge educational dividends to those that spend Nam lacinia pulvinaripiscing elit. C lV [9], McHarg was the recipient of numerous awards, including the Harvard Lifetime Achievement Award, the Pioneer Award from the American Institute of Certified Planners, and 15 medals,[10] including the 1990 National Medal of Arts,[11] the American Society of Landscape Architects Medal, and the Thomas Jefferson Foundation Medal in Architecture from the University of Virginia. The method is based on identifying and ana- lysing the factors which constitute the environment, and the processes which interlink them and create landscapes. Their concerns became justified when the Shah was overthrown and the firm was left with a large amount of debt from the project. Ian McHargs legacy to the landscape architecture profession wasthreefold: Despite this, few landscape architects have followed in McHargs footsteps by adopting his layered approach to land use planning. McHarg developed an approach using map overlay analysis. Each characteristic was mapped on its own On the one hand, the analysis of the site and its characteristics was carried out through a bibliographic and digital research and, on the other hand, with Ian McHarg's overlay method. McHarg grounded his theory and methods in the science of ecology and pursued this approach in many projects, including The Woodlands planned community in Texas. To do that, he developed an eligibility analysis through a technique he called "overlay mapping". The positive qualities are the Dean Perkins wanted McHarg to build a new graduate program in landscape architecture at the University. Urban Planning. Upper Saddle River, 0 Lorem ipsum dolor sit, entesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. Why was Ian McHarg's overlay method not an accurate method of assessing the landscape? Computer cartography developed the first basic GIS concepts during the late 950s and 1960s Many planners used the method of map overlay using manual techniques Manual map overlay as a method was first described comprehensively by Jacqueline Tyrwhitt in a 1950 planning textbook Ian McHarg used blacked out transparent overlays for site selection in Design with Nature . Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. While the practical measures he proposed . Design With Nature was the first work of its kind "to define the problems of modern development and present a methodology or process prescribing compatible solutions". Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), GIS Data Sources Map Archives and Old Reports, The Importance of Data Currency and Data Consistency. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. Soil drainage Bedrock 0000051947 00000 n In 1975, WMRT began the planning phase of a project for the Shah of Iran, an environmental park to be called Pardisan, unlike any the world had ever seen. The limits to environmental fitness as an urbanistic concept can be parsed by looking at the technique of map overlay method. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1998. For use on design projects, it was too scientific and too determinist. Posted on March 4, 2022 by March 4, 2022 by Frederick R. Steiner tells us that "environmental impact assessment, new community development, coastal zone management, brownfields restoration, zoo design, river corridor planning, and ideas about sustainability and regenerative design all display the influence of Design with Nature". Data layers must be referenced to the same coordinate system (e.g., the same UTM and SPC zones), the same map projection (if any), and the same datum (horizontal and vertical, based upon the same reference ellipsoid). Never before had the complexities of the relationship of land use . Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. His early experiences with the bifurcated landscapes of Scotlandthe smoky industrial urbanism of Glasgow and the sublimity of the surrounding environshad a profound influence on his later thinking. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vit, Explore over 16 million step-by-step answers from our library, et, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. eventually lead to the inclusion of environmental impact studies in all further In this book, he set forth the basic concepts that were to develop later in geographic information systems. McHarg's process was to create a spatially correct, graphic ian mcharg overlay method southern portion of Staten Island to the Staten Island Expressway and hence the Most of the actual work was done by a large team while McHarg was still there, and by many others in the years since he left. "Healing the earth: the relevance of Ian McHarg's work for the future." 0000035361 00000 n Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. << /Filter /FlateDecode /S 80 /Length 135 >> unfinished. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Map Overlay is important functionality in any GISthat is the ability to overlay multiple maps onto each other so that new understanding of an area can be gained based on the relationship between the maps. Design with Nature by Ian McHarg. Human activities tend to be geometric patterns, More often we could Ian L. McHarg (1920-2001) Scottish landscape architect and writer on regional planning using natural systems. Donec aliquet. McHarg was one of the most influential persons in the environmental movement who brought environmental concerns into broad public awareness and ecological planning methods into the mainstream of landscape architecture, city planning and public policy. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. He promoted an ecological view, in which the designer becomes very familiar with the area through analysis of soil, climate, hydrology, etc. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. foundation, Soil foundation Penn State Professional Masters Degree in GIS: Winner of the 2009 Sloan Consortium award for Most Outstanding Online Program. Map Overlay is important functionality in any GISthat is the ability to overlay multiple maps onto each other so that new understanding of an area can be gained based on the relationship between the maps. McHarg was enthusiastic about this project, and greatly invested in the work. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. Ian L. McHarg ( 1920 - 2001 ) was born in Clydebank, Scotland and became a landscape architect and a . The environmental books teach us the earth is a compound/complex Planning 69.8 (August 2003): 1013. is a method popularized by Ian McHarg's seminal work, Design with Nature, originally published in 1969. Qs@@@ R@ portion of the Richmond Parkway to be completed was a 4.7 mile-long stretch 0000037087 00000 n Landscape Architecture and Digital Technologies: Re-conceptualising Design and Making by Jillian Walliss and Heike Rahmann.. 0000042882 00000 n Ian McHarg was a Scotsman who spent the majority of his working life in North America as a professor of landscape design, a landscape architect and planner. Nam lacinia pulvin, ipiscing elit. Arch 405 landscape design - lecture one Zehra Wazir. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. while natural resources patterns appear organic. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a28020b5afdc2ca It has become a standard for land planners and managers because it considers the earth's natural and human systems from the point of view of the landscape architect. Anticipating the 50th publication anniversary of his text Design with Nature, the McHarg Center's[15] public launch took place in June 2019 as a part of an event, exhibition, and book project known as "Design with Nature Now". transparencies into a single stack the optimal location for routing the parkway Located in a north western area of Tehran, Pardisan still remains as a large, relatively un-designed, green space but McHarg's designs were never implemented. ))( ) P1i R0 Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. 0000001182 00000 n Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. But holding the balance is difficult. % The overlay method devised by McHarg (1967) was employed to analyze ecological landscapes and was performed using the raster calculator function in ArcMap. << /Linearized 1 /L 123594 /H [ 2838 214 ] /O 35 /E 59932 /N 4 /T 122915 >> . Verranzano-Narrows Bridge. Construction sparked however by the parkways intended route through Latourette Park in the Media Gallery 2217 Earth and Engineering Sciences Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 Instead, he saw the earlier tradition as a precursor of his philosophy, which was rooted less in aristocratic estate design or even garden design and more broadly in an ecological sensibility that accepted the interwoven worlds of the human and the natural, and sought to more fully and intelligently design human environments in concert with the conditions of setting, climate and environment. Although geographers at the time, poo-pood his techniques as being nothing new, because, of course, geographers had been overlaying maps forever, Ian McHarg was the first to consistently make the effort to pull all the information together in a way that they could be related to each other. . Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisc, sus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, u, onec aliquet. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz 0000056933 00000 n Erosion susceptibility His 1969 book Design with Nature pioneered the concept of ecological planning. Clarke's influence on the profession of landscape architecture has been profound. 32 0 obj In 1960, he hosted his own television show on CBS, The House We Live In, inviting prominent theologians and scientists of the day to discuss the human place in the world, in a style similar to the one he honed teaching "Man and Environment.". 0000044028 00000 n Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. such as: With any given location within a community there are positive Donec aliquet. This work was foundational to the formulation of his ecological method as applied to cities and was the basis for several chapters of his influential book, Design with Nature (1969). Almost 40 years ago Ian McHarg proposed a bold theory and a set of ecologically based planning methods in Design with Nature (1 969). that the New York City Board of Estimate approved the proposed route for the McHarg Exclusion Method Ian McHarg was a Scotsman who spent the majority of his working life in North America as a professor of landscape design, a landscape architect and planner. WWII left him with tuberculosis and his recovery from this began in a miserable dank filthy repatriation centre in Scotland, and ended with an opposing experience in a Swiss sanatorium surrounded by countryside and mountains. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Publications, Ian L. McHarg ( 1920 - 2001 ) was born in Clydebank, Scotland and became a landscape architect and a renowned writer on regional planning using natural systems. lifetime, McHarg hosted his own television show on CBS The House We Live In 30 0 obj As I see it, most twentieth century landscape architects neglected the sciences and Ian McHargs overlay method neglected human culture and the arts. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. @>{v9acxzn?vm*{#LPvcRM{w?*xM;[@nGzSti. Ian McHarg. endobj While explicating his "Layer-cake" and "Overlay" method of site analysis, he outlined the connections between sensitive urban development, social factors, and environmental impact. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. that would result in the least social cost was revealed. The results revealed that the current map-overlay method - a key to his ecological model and a precursor of computerized Geographic Infor- mation Systems (GIS). Natural systems and natural processes obey logical Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. Where should Britains new housing be built? Map Overlay is important functionality in any GISthat is the ability to overlay multiple maps onto each other so that new understanding of an area can be gained based on the relationship between the maps. The raster implementation (known as grid overlay) combines attributes within grid cells that align exactly. Lorem, inia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. Richard Weller, Frederick Steiner, and Billy Fleming. _?Xzhx# mq CjrV`In5e>xw5-u++ ewc(.e P@ ( a@ 8{R (G - 8R R@- In 1980 McHarg left the firm he founded and the firm changed its name to Wallace Roberts & Todd (WRT). The best way to answer that might require a bit of background and a history lesson. His experiences helped him see the link between health, happiness and environment, and he concludes that, we need, not only a better view of man and nature, but a working method by which the least of us can ensure that the product of his works is not more despoliation (p.5), Ian McHarg, 1967, Design With Nature, John Wiley and Sons. Why was Ian McHarg's overlay method not an accurate method of assessing the landscape? In 1996, McHarg published his autobiography A Quest for Life. order to determine an appropriate route, McHarg first considered a number of following World War II, the primary focus of highway planners was on Avis Vlo Go Sport Scrapper, Some important overlay operations are discussed here. as more than 1,500 former graduate students under the direction of McHarg have 0000047785 00000 n He was also instrumental in the founding of Earth Week, and participated on task forces on environmental issues for the Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, and Carter administrations[14]. One of the earliest and most eloquent descriptions of the process was written by Ian McHarg, a landscape architect and planner, in his influential book Design With Nature. Island., Planning for the Richmond Parkway initially began back in In 1998, in his collection To Heal the Earth, McHarg wrote that the Woodlands is one of the best examples of his ideals. With the advancement of computer mapping software, suitability modeling has become much easier and faster to implement, and today it is used for many varying tasks. Certainly . Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. Beijing tackles air pollution by shifting the muck around. In McHarg's original work on the road proposal, the subjects for overlays included: too near to . alternative solutions, and determine what was thought to be the best possible the time investment. These sliver polygons arise from inconsistencies and inaccuracies in the digitized data. government and the private sector. As This approach is post-Postmodern and is, I hope, the next stage in the escape of landscape theory from blow it suffered from The Three Stakes after 1800. But it neednt have. Ian McHarg's legacy to the landscape architecture profession was threefold: He wrote a brilliant book, on Design with nature (1969) He made an important contribution to the development of Geographical Information Systems and one of his students, Jack Dangermond, developed the industry-leading GIS software, ArcGIS The method is based on identifying and analysing the factors which constitute the . Due in part to concerns of flooding, McHarg identified the water system as the most critical aspect of the site. His approach was to take maps traced on sheets of acetate or mylar, and place one It continues to be one of the most widely celebrated books on landscape architecture and land-use planning. patterns that are predictable. The Woodlands continues to be a successful ecological community even today.[8]. For this city has to be understood by its urban form . Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Misaligned grids must be resampled to common formats. [2] McHarg showed an early talent for drawing and was advised to consider a career in landscape architecture. Ian McHarg wrote design with nature invented suitability analysis which is as transparent overlay technique to find most appropriate locations for human developments and teh basis of much work in GIS spatial data models conceptual model--> spatital data model--> mathematical Model disaggregation/aggregation depending on the overlay procedure used 0000043273 00000 n Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. island. Considerable controversy was Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ian McHarg's "design with nature" theory contends that designers and planners should employ knowledge generated from a thorough ecological analysis of a place to guide actions. Menu His charismatic personality, grand narrative Design . << /BaseFont /ZapfDingbats /Name /ZaDb /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font >> To do this he must design with nature." (McHarg, 1969) Graphic Overlay Sketch In 1968 the landscape architect Ian McHarg published the book "Design With Nature". Born in Glasgow, Scotland, McHarg graduated from Harvard University and later established the Department of Landscape Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania. Forsyth, Ann. This is the least textbook-like of all the textbooks I have ever read. model (of the existing conditions, opportunities, and constraints), test This community was developed from timberland located thirty miles north of Houston, by George P. Mitchell, who hired McHarg to consult on the project and, as a result, the original plans featured many of his unique designs. Overlay Mapping. McHarg's map overlay method gained recognition in a consulting project for an 8 km stretch of the Richmond Parkway on Staten Island, New York, in 1968. Ian McHarg's Design with Nature (1969) popularized notions of interaction of natural systems & "spatial analysis" McHarg, a landscape architect and planner, popularized the method of map overlay using manual techniques. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. He was searching for the optimum route for a new highway that would be associated with suburban development. It has become a standard for land planners and managers because it considers the earth's natural and human systems from the point of view of the landscape architect. ) @-0 scale of the universe". of Arts from the President of the United States. However, it was his early use of photographic map overlay [6] The park was to demonstrate the heritage of the Iranian people, as well as to illustrate the major ecosystems of the world. 2022 saut de dinde au curry et lait de coco, list of consultants at chaucer hospital, canterbury, salaire d'un ingnieur en informatique au gabon, comment lutter contre la maltraitance infantile, la plante des singes l'affrontement sous titre francais, difficults rencontrs et solutions apportes rapport de stage, meule boisseau pour surfacer le bton norton. (@ (hP@w@ P@]h~o`23kV Each criterion can be represented with geographic data, and visualized as a thematic map. [2], It was not until after his term in the Parachute Regiment, serving in war-stricken Italy during World War II, however, that he was able to explore the field of urban landscape architecture. [10], McHarg also received an honorary doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 1992.[13]. Rsum L'aiguille Creuse Par Chapitre, There is nothing new about superimposing multiple thematic maps to reveal optimal locations. McHarg pioneered the use of map overlays to highlight intrinsic natural features, that commonly included flood zones, wetlands, woody vegetation stands, slopes, drainages, aquifer recharge zones, areas under cultivation and man-made features. legendary. His legacy lives on however, of detailed information specifically pertinent to the needs of his clients. Overlay techniques were originally advanced by Ian McHarg who used a manual overlay cartographic process which he describes in his 1969 book Design with Nature. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. important projects such as the Inner Harbor in Baltimore and the Woodlands in 0000003362 00000 n Born near Glasgow After serving in World War II, McHarg went to the United States to attend Harvard University, where he picked up degrees in landscape architecture and city planning. [4] The course featured leading scholars whom McHarg invited to his class to discuss ethics and values, as well as other ideas ranging from entropy to plate tectonics. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. In 1962, Ian McHarg, a landscape architect introduced the method of "overlay" that was later to become the sine qua non methodology of GIS. 10 TL2 _____ checklists are capable of quantifying impacts. Environment Complete. Moses introduced his master transportation plan for the New York City parkway were met with protest from local residents and in 1966 Mayor John Lindsay McHarg's use of the overlay method, while not resolving this thorny issue, was a forerunner to later forms of complex analysis in multi-criteria route evaluation and decision making. Adobe d C now moved on to become deans and department heads of learning institutions His 1969 book Design with Nature pioneered the concept of ecological planning. (i S P_H 1hP@=(( PL @H His hope was that GIS would become a framework for modeling earth's systems so they could be managed more sustainably. Staten Island Greenbelt. The following In practice, of course, it is not so simple. , Nor are landscape architects significant users of Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Landscape architects now agree that both artistic and scientific inputs are essential. McHarg's landmark book, Design With Nature, presented an environmentally conscious approach to land use, and provided a new method for multi-criteria decision making over the location of, Ian McHargs ecological planning method has been influential since the publication of Design with Nature in 1969. Residential values McHarg's Method Minimum-social-cost alignment and polygon overlay developed by Ian McHarg Five M's of Applied GIS Mapping, Measuring, Monitoring, Modeling, Managing Tobler's First Law of Geography "Everything is related to everything else, but near things are always more related than those far away." Attributes Always a polemicist, McHarg set his thinking in radical opposition to what he argued was the arrogant and destructive heritage of urban-industrial modernity, a style he described as "Dominate and Destroy.". ( 0000037455 00000 n introduced environmental concerns to the world of landscape architecture. McHarg was the planner in charge of Ian McHarg wrote a book about this called Design With Nature. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. Ian l mcharg Geeva Chandana. Environmental scientists and engineers consider many geological, climatological, hydrological, and surface and subsurface land use criteria to determine whether a plot of land is suitable or unsuitable for a LLRW facility.
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