Huguenot Church The origin of the name Huguenot is unknown but believed to have been derived from combining phrases in German and Flemish that described their practice of home worship. ", Roy A. Sundstrom, "French Huguenots and the Civil List, 1696-1727: A Study of Alien Assimilation in England. This week's compilation, " France Huguenot Family Lineage Searches ," is designed to help you find your Protestant ancestors in 16 th to 18 th century France. Huguenots - Wikipedia Colonial Ancestors and Iberian DNA - Who are You Made Of? Persecution of Protestants officially ended with the Edict of Versailles, signed by Louis XVI in 1787. Huguenots fled first to neighboring countries, the Netherlands, the Swiss cantons, England, and some German states, and a few thousand of them farther away to Russia, Scandinavia, British North America, and the Dutch Cape colony in southern Africa.About 2,000 Huguenots settled in New York, South Carolina, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island in the . While the Huguenot population was at one time fairly large, these names are not now common though they are still seen in some street names and Trim, . [98] Andrew Lortie (born Andr Lortie), a leading Huguenot theologian and writer who led the exiled community in London, became known for articulating their criticism of the Pope and the doctrine of transubstantiation during Mass. Of the original 390 settlers in the isolated settlement, many had died; others lived outside town on farms in the English style; and others moved to different areas. The practice has continued to the present day. In 1709, when the Palatinates were living at St. Katherine's by the Tower, a beautiful church and hospital were located there as well, known as St. Katharine's Church. A series of religious conflicts followed, known as the French Wars of Religion, fought intermittently from 1562 to 1598. Huguenot | French Protestant | Britannica These were especially poor wretches living in desperate circumstances or mercenaries who had been unemployed since the end of the 30 years war. The Huguenot Memorial Museum was also erected there and opened in 1957. In the United States, the name France is the 2,209 th most popular surname with an estimated 14,922 people with that name. Is an Index of family names appearing in "Huguenot Trails", the official publication of the Huguenot Society of Canada, from 1968 to 2003. Dictionary of American Family . He wrote in his book, The Days of the Upright, A History of the Huguenots (1965), that Huguenot is: a combination of a Dutch and a German word. Research in these areas can be quite challenging. Andr Trocm preached against discrimination as the Nazis were gaining power in neighbouring Germany and urged his Protestant Huguenot congregation to hide Jewish refugees from the Holocaust. In the early years, many Huguenots also settled in the area of present-day Charleston, South Carolina. The first Huguenots to leave France sought freedom from persecution in Switzerland and the Netherlands. Menndez' forces routed the French and executed most of the Protestant captives. [14][15], The issue of demographic strength and geographical spread of the Reformed tradition in France has been covered in a variety of sources. The official policy of the Dutch East India governors was to integrate the Huguenot and the Dutch communities. The first wave took place between 1540 and 1590 and mainly concerned Geneva. Long after the sect was suppressed by Francis I, the remaining French Waldensians, then mostly in the Luberon region, sought to join Farel, Calvin and the Reformation, and Olivtan published a French Bible for them. The most detailed account that Historic Huguenot Street has of an enslaved person's life in the area comes from the early 19th century, from the famed abolitionist Sojourner Truth, who was born into slavery in Ulster County. [29], Other predecessors of the Reformed church included the pro-reform and Gallican Roman Catholics, such as Jacques Lefevre (c. 14551536). They were persecuted by Catholic France, and about 300,000 Huguenots fled France for England, Holland, Switzerland, Prussia, and the Dutch and English colonies in the Americas. Reply. Isaac and Esther's first three children were born in Mannheim between the years 1668 and 1673. The 1709ers - German Palatinates - 52 Ancestors #137 The French Confession of 1559 shows a decidedly Calvinistic influence. The first large group of French Huguenots arrive at the Cape Although relatively large portions of the peasant population became Reformed there, the people, altogether, still remained majority Catholic.[16][19]. Due to the Huguenots' early ties with the leadership of the Dutch Revolt and their own participation, some of the Dutch patriciate are of part-Huguenot descent. Assimilated, the French made numerous contributions to United States economic life, especially as merchants and artisans in the late Colonial and early Federal periods. In France, Calvinists in the United Protestant Church of France and also some in the Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine consider themselves Huguenots. In the early 18th century, a regional group known as the Camisards (who were Huguenots of the mountainous Massif Central region) rioted against the Catholic Church, burning churches and killing the clergy. [citation needed], In the early 21st century, there were approximately one million Protestants in France, representing some 2% of its population. It was named New Rochelle after La Rochelle, their former strong-hold in France. English: topographic name for someone who lived by a grove or thicket from Middle English grove Old English grf or a habitational name from any of various places so named. A small group of Huguenots also settled on the south shore of Staten Island along the New York Harbor, for which the current neighbourhood of Huguenot was named. A series of three small civil wars known as the Huguenot rebellions broke out, mainly in southwestern France, between 1621 and 1629 in which the Reformed areas revolted against royal authority. Jeter French (Huguenot), German Jeter is a French and German surname. Barred by the government from settling in New France, Huguenots led by Jess de Forest, sailed to North America in 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland (later incorporated into New York and New Jersey); as well as Great Britain's colonies, including Nova Scotia. Raymond P. Hylton, "The Huguenot Settlement at Portarlington, C. E. J. Caldicott, Hugh Gough, Jean-Paul Pittion (1987), Last edited on 28 February 2023, at 16:02, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, gathered in each other's houses to study secretly, Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine, Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1789, Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Angermnde, George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lneburg, George Lunt, "Huguenot The origin and meaning of the name", "The National Huguenot Society - Who Were the Huguenots? "The Secret War of Elizabeth I: England and the Huguenots during the early Wars of Religion, 1562-77. Ancient relics and texts were destroyed; the bodies of saints exhumed and burned. Huguenot Migration Project - Member Interests List 1 The Dutch as part of New Amsterdam later claimed this land, along with New York and the rest of New Jersey. Exploring Huguenot Heritage - Huguenot Museum The first Huguenots arrived as early as 1671, when the first Huguenot refugee, Francois Villion (later Viljoen), arrived at the Cape. An estimated 50,000 Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England, about 10,000 of whom moved on to Ireland around the 1690s. The Dutch Republic rapidly became a destination for Huguenot exiles. They also found many French-speaking Calvinist churches there (which were called the "Walloon churches"). On that day, soldiers and organized mobs fell upon the Huguenots, and thousands of them were slaughtered. The main provincial towns and cities experiencing massacres were Aix, Bordeaux, Bourges, Lyons, Meaux, Orlans, Rouen, Toulouse, and Troyes.[47]. 4,000 emigrated to the Thirteen Colonies, where they settled, especially in New York, the Delaware River Valley in Eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey,[22] and Virginia. I know . Some 40,000-50,000 settled in England, mostly in towns near the sea in the southern districts, with the largest concentration in London where they constituted about 5% of the total population in 1700. Joan Crawford (1905-1977), American actress, descended from the Huguenots, Dr Pierre Chastain and Chretien DuBois, on her father's side. Both kingdoms, which had enjoyed peaceful relations until 1685, became bitter enemies and fought each other in a series of wars, called the "Second Hundred Years' War" by some historians, from 1689 onward. "Trees without roots fall over!" ""People who never look backward to their ancestors will never look forward to posterity." - Edmund Burke. huguenot surnames in germany In the Dutch-speaking North of France, Bible students who gathered in each other's houses to study secretly were called Huis Genooten ("housemates") while on the Swiss and German borders they were termed Eid Genossen, or "oath fellows", that is, persons bound to each other by an oath. Two years later, with the Revolutionary Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789, Protestants gained equal rights as citizens. It was still illegal, and, although the law was seldom enforced, it could be a threat or a nuisance to Protestants. French (Huguenot) Submitted Surnames - Behind the Name Nearly 50,000 Huguenots established themselves in Germany, 20,000 of whom were welcomed in Brandenburg-Prussia, where Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia (r.16491688), granted them special privileges (Edict of Potsdam of 1685) and churches in which to worship (such as the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Angermnde and the French Cathedral, Berlin). The last Afrikaner President was named F. W. de Klerk, his surname being a form of Le Clerc. The Huguenots of the state opposed the monopoly of power the Guise family had and wanted to attack the authority of the crown. Some Huguenots settled in Bedfordshire, one of the main centres of the British lace industry at the time. Indeed, some of the Pettit names from the city of Metz and the other French provinces (dpartements) near the borders with Switzerland and Germany were Huguenots (Fr. Some remained, practicing their Faith in secret. Most of these Frenchmen were Huguenots who had fled from the religious persecutions in France, and, after a sojourn in Holland, had sought a field of greater opportunity in the New World. Concord, Erie Co, New York; Popular names: Briggs, Field, Bloodgood, Vaughan, Spaulding, Seymour Prince Louis de Cond, along with his sons Daniel and Osias,[citation needed] arranged with Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrcken to establish a Huguenot community in present-day Saarland in 1604. Eric J. Roth, "From Protestant International to Hudson Valley Provincial: A Case Study of Language Use and Ethnicity in New Paltz, New York, 16781834". Typically the Annual French Service takes place on the first or second Sunday after Easter in commemoration of the signing of the Edict of Nantes. Huguenot Names - Special Report on Surnames in Ireland Isaac moved to Mannheim, on the Rhein River, in the German state of Baden and married a cousin and fellow French Huguenot emigrant, Esther SY (also spelled SEE), in 1657. Around 1294, a French version of the Scriptures was prepared by the Roman Catholic priest, Guyard des Moulins. Various hypotheses have been promoted. Janet Gray argues that for the word to have spread into common use in France, it must have originated there in French. The Huguenots adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities. If you contact us without visiting the Museum the charge is 35 for up to two hours research, though we will discuss the likelihood of Huguenot ancestry with you, before taking your payment. Wittrock (= a German surname) Grz. The flight of Huguenot refugees from Tours, France drew off most of the workers of its great silk mills which they had built. [71] But with assimilation, within three generations the Huguenots had generally adopted Dutch as their first and home language. Updated on January 12, 2018. This was about 21% of all the recorded Hubert's in USA. English, French, Walloon, Dutch, German, Polish, Czech, and Slovak: from a personal name composed of the ancient Germanic . Lachenicht, Susanne. Another 4,000 Huguenots settled in the German territories of Baden, Franconia (Principality of Bayreuth, Principality of Ansbach), Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, Duchy of Wrttemberg, in the Wetterau Association of Imperial Counts, in the Palatinate and Palatine Zweibrcken, in the Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt), in modern-day Saarland; and 1,500 found refuge in Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony. Smaller settlements, which included Killeshandra in County Cavan, contributed to the expansion of flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen industry. Nearby villages are Hengoed, and Ystrad Mynach. By 1687 Huguenots made up about 20 percent of the population of Berlin, making Berlin seem almost as much a French town as a German one. The church was eventually replaced by a third, Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church, which contains heirlooms including the original bell from the French Huguenot Church Eglise du St. Esperit on Pine Street in New York City, which is preserved as a relic in the tower room. The Huguenots transformed themselves into a definitive political movement thereafter. There is a Huguenot society in London, as well as a. Huguenots of Spitalfields is a registered charity promoting public understanding of the Huguenot heritage and culture in Spitalfields, the City of London and beyond. Huguenot East-West Migration | FEEFHS Some of their descendants moved into the Deep South and Texas, where they developed new plantations. Some fled as refugees to the Dutch Cape Colony, the Dutch East Indies, various Caribbean colonies, and several of the Dutch and English colonies in North America. The Pennsylvania-German, Volume 5 Full view - 1904. That decree will only produce its effects for the future. Gt. This surname is listed in the (US) National Huguenot Society's register of qualified Huguenot ancestors and also in the similar register of the Huguenot Society of America. [25][26], The first known translation of the Bible into one of France's regional languages, Arpitan or Franco-Provenal, had been prepared by the 12th-century pre-Protestant reformer Peter Waldo (Pierre de Vaux). Huguenot Surnames - Chuck Norton Designs Huguenot - definition of Huguenot by The Free Dictionary The Huguenots were concentrated in the southern and western parts of the Kingdom of France. The last active Huguenot congregation in North America worships in Charleston, South Carolina, at a church that dates to 1844. The 1709ers would have worshipped in this church that was by that time already nearly 600 years old. In his Encyclopedia of Protestantism, Hans Hillerbrand wrote that on the eve of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in 1572, the Huguenot community made up as much as 10% of the French population. Some disagree with such double or triple non-French linguistic origins. [54] An amnesty granted in 1573 pardoned the perpetrators. The first groups of German immigrants to the US began to arrive as early as the 1670s. France History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms - HouseOfNames With the precedent of a historical alliancethe Auld Alliancebetween Scotland and France; Huguenots were mostly welcomed to, and found refuge in the nation from around the year 1700. Such economic separation was the condition of the refugees' initial acceptance in the city. Raymond P. Hylton, "Dublin's Huguenot Community: Trials, Development, and Triumph, 16621701". After revoking the Edict of Nantes, which granted Huguenots civil rights, in October 1685, Louis XIV forbade them to leave France on pain of imprisonment, torture and death. Page 363. Huguenot Genealogy; Places & Traces Menu Toggle. French became the language of the educated elite and of the court at Potsdam on the outskirts of Berlin. [11][12] By 1911, there was still no consensus in the United States on this interpretation. The first Huguenot to arrive at the Cape of Good Hope was Maria de la Quellerie, wife of commander Jan van Riebeeck (and daughter of a Walloon church minister), who arrived on 6 April 1652 to establish a settlement at what is today Cape Town. Apart from the French village name and that of the local rugby team, Fleur De Lys RFC, little remains of the French heritage. Others still argue that the terms didn't originate from derogatory roots at all, with some of the Protestant faction claiming the opposite, that the Huguenots were named out of loyalty to the line of Hugues Capet, a medieval ancestor of the King who ruled six centuries before. In 1700 several hundred French Huguenots migrated from England to the colony of Virginia, where the King William III of England had promised them land grants in Lower Norfolk County. Several French Protestant churches are descended from or tied to the Huguenots, including: Criticism and conflict with the Catholic Church, Right of return to France in the 19th and 20th centuries, The Huguenot Population of France, 1600-1685: The Demographic Fate and Customs of a Religious Minority by Philip Benedict; American Philosophical Society, 1991 - 164, The Huguenots: Or, Reformed French Church. Inhabited by Camisards, it continues to be the backbone of French Protestantism. In Paris the spirit was called le moine bourr; at Orlans, le mulet odet; at Blois le loup garon; at Tours, le Roy Huguet; and so on in other places. In 1825, this privilege was reduced to the south aisle and in 1895 to the former chantry chapel of the Black Prince. Augeron Mickal, Didier Poton et Bertrand Van Ruymbeke, dir.. Augeron Mickal, John de Bry, Annick Notter, dir., This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 16:02. . Some members of this community emigrated to the United States in the 1890s. [16][17], The new teaching of John Calvin attracted sizeable portions of the nobility and urban bourgeoisie. After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, several Huguenots including Edmund Bohun of Suffolk, England, Pierre Bacot of Touraine France, Jean Postell of Dieppe France, Alexander Pepin, Antoine Poitevin of Orsement France, and Jacques de Bordeaux of Grenoble, immigrated to the Charleston Orange district. We visited Karlshafen in 1996 and again in 2008. The Huguenots were led by Jeanne d'Albret; her son, the future Henry IV (who would later convert to Catholicism in order to become king); and the princes of Cond. Huguenot immigrants settled throughout pre-colonial America, including in New Amsterdam (New York City), some 21 miles north of New York in a town which they named New Rochelle, and some further upstate in New Paltz. Our Families Historic Huguenot Street A fort, named Fort Coligny, was built to protect them from attack from the Portuguese troops and Brazilian natives. Today, there are some Reformed communities around the world that still retain their Huguenot identity. On the day we visited, it was staffed by two ladies who were residents of the French Hospital. Examples include the Huguenot District and French Church Street in Cork City; and D'Olier Street in Dublin, named after a High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of Ireland. The Pennsylvania-German, Volume 9 Full view - 1908. The Huguenot Society of America maintains the Manakin Episcopal Church in Virginia as a historic shrine with occasional services. [88][89][90] Many others went to the American colonies, especially South Carolina. The Berlin Huguenots preserved the French language in their church services for nearly a century. French Huguenots and their descendants - geni family tree While a small amount of Huguenots did come, the majority switched from speaking French to English.
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