In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018. Carbon monoxide, in addition to being an environmental contaminant, is produced endogenously. Chapter 5.5, carbon monoxide. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. This review extends the discussion of those issues involving carbon monoxide exposure in humans summarized in the 1999 WHO and 2005 European Union reports (77,78). Mean ages of four groups broken out of the cohort was approximately 32 years (no significant difference). They looked at infants' exposure within 10 km of home, and were able to account for confounding variables including sex, gestational age, maternal smoking and breastfeeding. The exercise effect of carbon monoxide exposure in healthy subjects was produced by reduced oxygen delivery to the exercising muscle. [Clinical observations regarding chronic coal-gas poisoning]. Air pollution and hospital admissions for congestive heart failure in a subtropical city: Taipei, Taiwan. Until a person is adapted to high altitude, the resulting arterial hypoxia is directly additive (in terms of arterial oxygen content) to carbon monoxide hypoxia (178), and the increased pulmonary ventilatory response also increases carbon monoxide uptake. Bruce EN, Bruce MC. Less severe poisoning was defined as no loss of consciousness and a COHb level of 15%, while more severe poisoning was defined as loss of consciousness or a COHb of >15%. It is only slightly soluble in water, and its physical properties closely resemble those of nitrogen. [79] These properties have the potential to be used to prevent the development of a series of pathological conditions including ischemia reperfusion injury, transplant rejection, atherosclerosis, severe sepsis, severe malaria, or autoimmunity. *Grams of gas dissolved in 100 g of water when the total pressure above the solution is 1 atm. HWn6II4,. The threshold of hearing was about normal at frequencies up to 1000 Hz. Carbon monoxide: association of community air pollution with mortality. This parameter more accurately represents the total dose of carbon monoxide received in long-term carbon monoxide exposure, since duration of exposure is explicitly present. Ischiropoulos H, et al. Penney reviewed the general characteristics of chronic carbon monoxide poisoning in humans in 2000 (80) and 2008 (88), as did Hay et al. In addition, newer data on pathophysiological mechanisms offer an eventual possible explanation of the chronic effects. Sumari (113) describes the method used in Finland in examining victims of coal gas poisoning and the observations made in connection with it. At 760 mmHg and 20 C, 1ppm = 1.165 mg/m3 and 1 mg/m3 = 0.858 ppm; at 25 C, 1 ppm = 1.145 mg/m3 and 1 mg/m3 = 0.873 ppm. Bell et al. Alm S, Jantunen MJ, Vartiainen M. Urban commuter exposure to particle matter and carbon monoxide inside an automobile. Mar TF, et al. Often, patients themselves were not aware of the presence of a hearing deficiency. Initial compounds were lipid soluble, whereas morerecently developed compounds watersoluble. Koehler RC, et al. N2 is the number of cases for which COHb data are available. Thus for a specific environmental case of interest, mathematical simulations can be done to estimate protective regulatory decisions. In 1996, Hiramatsu et al. Use caution when working with solvents in a closed area. Mar et al. 0000048533 00000 n https://www.cdc.gov/co/faqs.htm. The first human clinical use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in carbon monoxide poisoning was by Smith & Sharp in 1960 (80). In 1895, John Scott Haldane demonstrated that rats survive carbon monoxide poisoning when placed in oxygen at two atmospheres pressure. There was also a diminution of the sense of smell. Junker M, Koller T, Monn C. An assessment of indoor air contaminants in buildings with recreational activity. COHb in the two groups was 6.48% and 2.19%, respectively. Fetching data from CrossRef. In: Penney DG, editor. (110), Pinkston et al. Meat Treated to Give It Fresh Look", Global map of carbon monoxide distribution, CDC NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Carbon monoxide, Carbon MonoxideNIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic, Carbon Monoxide PoisoningFrequently Asked Questions, Microscale Gas Chemistry Experiments with Carbon Monoxide, "Instant insight: Don't blame the messenger", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carbon_monoxide&oldid=1142049567, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets via Module:Annotated link, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Near properly-adjusted gas stoves in homes, modern vehicle exhaust emissions, Exhaust from automobiles in the Mexico City central area in 1975, This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 06:45. (157) assessed the association between ambient air pollution and daily elementary school absenteeism in Washoe County, Nevada in the period 19961998. Adams KF, et al. A special search for behavioural and neurological effects used PubMed with the following keyword statement: (carbon monoxide OR CO) AND (human behaviour OR nervous system OR CNS OR sensory OR human performance OR vision OR hearing OR auditory) NOT co- NOT smoking. The ED-10 was selected as a point of interest because in the behavioural literature, and with the typical number of subjects, the ED-10 is about the magnitude of effect that becomes statistically significant or behaviourally important. 20 0 obj <> endobj (141) found a relationship between ambient carbon monoxide and asthma consultations for children in London. The symptoms are usually non-specific and appear to involve many of the body systems. In 2004, the FDA approved CO as primary packaging method, declaring that CO does not mask spoilage odor. Carbon monoxide reacts with water vapour at high temperatures, forming carbon dioxide and hydrogen; this process has been used as a source of hydrogen for combination with nitrogen in the synthesis of ammonia. A study of the effect of protracted occupational exposure to carbon monoxide: with special reference to the occurrence of so-called chronic carbon monoxide poisoning. Dales RE, Cakmak S, Vidal CB. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated Learn about CO2's solubility in water. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Only 25mg of CO is soluble in one liter of water at 25 . In both accidental exposure and epidemiological studies, toxic substances other than carbon monoxide were often present in the exposed person's inhaled air. 0000013846 00000 n Mechanisms of carbon monoxide toxicity. This is an inverse measure in the sense that, as tissue oxygen increases towards the normal, function improves. Acute elevation of blood carboxyhemoglobin to 6% impairs exercise performance and aggravates symptoms in patients with ischemic heart disease. Carbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom connected by a triple bond. other information we have about you. *)Pf*%PsKK2n/2 iVVYMP A,+ if%YzjI A$M[5Y$r. The majority of patients had a similar pattern of hearing deficiencies. There was no significant effect of modification by age, sex or season. Handbook of environmental data on organic chemicals. Penney DG, Dunham E, Benjamin M. Chronic carbon monoxide exposure. The lack of good doseeffect relationships in the accidental exposure case study reports also suggests alternative mechanisms of causation. Jensen LK, Klausen H, Elsnab C. Organic brain damage in garage workers after long-term exposure to diesel exhaust fumes. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. In: Lippmann M, editor. privacy practices. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Lebret E, et al. Excluded were infants born before 37 or after 44 weeks of gestation, those weighing below 1000 or above 5500 grams at birth, those for whom fewer than 10 days of carbon monoxide measurements were available during the last trimester, and those whose mothers suffered from hypertension, diabetes or uterine bleeding during pregnancy. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS d(A C^ [66] Above 800C, CO is the predominant product: Another source is "water gas", a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide produced via the endothermic reaction of steam and carbon: Other similar "synthesis gases" can be obtained from natural gas and other fuels. Environmental toxicants, human exposures and their health effects. This may be based on adduct formation between MBP and malonylaldehyde, a reactive product of lipid peroxidation, resulting in an immunological cascade. AskMayoExpert. Greiner TH, Schwab CV. COHb is widely used as a biomarker for carbon monoxide exposure. They are not mathematically trivial, but with modern computation tools the necessary calculations are readily performed (3,75). Thus for non-hypoxic effects, it is frequently necessary to use less general evidence from empirical environmental data to make estimates of critical exposures. Indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and CO in high- and low-density Guatemala villages. The magnitude of a carbon monoxide effect would depend on the amount of oxygen available for metabolism in the tissue under consideration. Follow-up symptoms present two years after the carbon monoxide exposure included numbness in the extremities, restlessness, persistent headaches, irritability, confusion, difficulty in walking or moving the extremities, and memory loss. Room chamber assessment of pollutant emission properties of low-emission unflued gas heaters; Proceedings of Indoor Air 2002, The 9th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate; Monterey, CA. Slightly soluble in water; soluble in alcohol and benzene. In coordination complexes the carbon monoxide ligand is called carbonyl. [43], Carbon monoxide is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. These devices do not deteriorate overnight. It is understood that this condition in the warehouse had continued for some time, making the exposure chronic rather than acute. 1998; p. 179. Problem in the self-reported exposures in the offices analysed in Ref. An update. A victim may also suffer from shortness of breath, cardiac palpitations, convulsion, paralysis, loss of consciousness, coma and eventually death. Long-term exposures to lower levels of carbon monoxide have far wider-ranging implications for human health than do acute carbon monoxide exposures. COHb may be a less reliable biomonitor for these effects). Alveolar ventilation, largely determined by body energy expenditure (exercise), can vary over a wide range and is thus the major physiological determinant of the rate of COHb formation and elimination. Gas T/K Solubility (X 1) Equation constants Ref. The effects of air pollution on hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease in elderly people in Australian and New Zealand cities. At COHb levels of around 30%, the brain metabolism fell precipitously. Thom & Ischiropoulos (161) reported that platelets released nitric oxide when incubated with carbon monoxide and that carbon monoxide concentrations as low as 12 mg/m3 were capable of doing this in vitro. Chapter 5.5 Carbon monoxide General description Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most common and widely distributed air pollutants. Solubility: Water at 20 C 2.3 mL/100 mL Organic solvents Appreciably soluble in ethyl acetate, chloroform, and acetic acid; freely absorbed by a concentrated solution of cuprous chloride in . If you think you or someone you're with may have carbon monoxide poisoning, get into fresh air and seek emergency medical care. Relative risks for migraine associated with interquartile-range increases for carbon monoxide was 1.11 (95% CI 1.061.17) for a 1.3-mg/m3 increase in carbon monoxide concentration. Vogel JA, Gleser MA. Trese MT, Krohel GB, Hepler RS. Personal exposures and microenvironment concentrations of PM. Thus, the setting of a guideline for indoor carbon monoxide involves other considerations than simply scientific considerations of carbon monoxide's toxicity. Yu et al. At 20%, COHb reduced the arterial oxygen content from about 19.8% to about 15.8% by volume. Clearly, this was done for ethical reasons, but the possibility exists that higher exposures would have led to greater magnitudes of effect than for normal subjects. There is evidence that carbon monoxide exposure during pregnancy is associated with reduced fetal growth and low birth weight. [Changes in the visual field in cases of chronic coal-gas poisoning]. Maximal aerobic capacity at different levels of carboxyhemoglobin. No account of the possible role of carboxymyoglobin was possible. Thus it is apparent that the increased compensatory flow is sufficient to account for the shift in the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve. 501505. Guo H, Lee SC, Chan LY. Eventually, the carbon monoxide will be eliminated from the blood through normal ventilation, although often serious health damage may be done before this can occur, so emergency measures should be started immediately. These studies were, however, not replicable in any case where such replication was attempted. Corresponding authors, a 0 +J 0000016766 00000 n The initially produced CO2 equilibrates with the remaining hot carbon to give CO.[65] The reaction of CO2 with carbon to give CO is described as the Boudouard reaction. Memory disturbances following chronic, low-level carbon monoxide exposure. The clinical manifestation s of chronic carbon monoxide poisoning. COHb levels in the workers most exposed to exhaust gases were 21.1%. There has been no major attempt to recapitulate the review of most studies before roughly 1999. The issue of dosimetry is complex, but there exist physiologically based mathematical models to estimate many of the above variables and thus to predict tissue function. Carbon Monoxide is an odorless, colorless, lighter than air, nonirritating gas that interferes with the delivery of oxygen throughout the body and which can kill you. The above data have been considered as evidence that carbon monoxide hypoxia produced the effects. At the present time, the strength of the evidence for important health outcomes is as summarized in Table 2.4. A majority of the people experienced acute difficulty with headache, dizziness, weakness, nausea and chest pain. It results from incomplete oxidation of carbon in combustion. Effects of carbon monoxide exposure on developing animals and humans. In the baseline (no carbon monoxide) condition, the mean maximum exercise time was around 8.2 minutes. Google use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics. For chronic exposures to carbon monoxide, red cell volume increases or plasma volume decreases (70), thus increasing the amount of oxygen that can be delivered. (143), in another study in Seattle, found a 30% increase in asthma in children for a 1.2-mg/m3 increment in carbon monoxide that lagged one day. Chronic carbon monoxide poisoning. Thus, a separate guideline is needed to address minimal exposure over 24 hours, rather than the 8-hour period used in the acute guidelines. Burns with a violet flame. Carbon monoxide Formula: CO Molecular weight: 28.0101 IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/CO/c1-2 IUPAC Standard InChIKey: UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N CAS Registry Number: 630-08- Chemical structure: This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript . A third questionnaire study (C) of 61 individuals sustaining chronic carbon monoxide poisoning was recently reported by Penney (121). Carbon monoxide is a strong reductive agent and has been used in pyrometallurgy to reduce metals from ores since ancient times. NIST subscription sites provide data under the Sari et al. Carbon Monoxide | CO | CID 281 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more. In homes in developing countries, the burning of biomass fuels and tobacco smoke are the most important sources of exposure to carbon monoxide. If hyperbaric oxygen therapy is to be used, it must be initiated immediately (within 12 hours) on reaching a health care facility. Data covering 4- and 7-year periods were analysed. These results suggest that loss of consciousness is not a requirement for carbon-monoxide-induced brain damage, and that carbon-monoxide-related cognitive (and other) outcomes may be independent of poisoning severity when that severity is based on COHb saturation. An effort is made below to specify tissue dosimetry where knowledge permits and to point to gaps in knowledge when appropriate. The further decrease in exercise time was due to the same mechanism as for normal subjects (reduced arterial content of the same magnitude), which produced nearly the same magnitude of effect. In a recent clinical study, Keles et al. Carbon monoxide asphyxiation: a neglected clinical problem. Jetter et al. Colourless, odourless, tasteless and toxic gas, Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets. The latter effect is quantitatively described as a leftward shift in the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve, proportional to the COHb level (58). This process has been described by a multicompartmental physiological model (68,69). E MjMM6&8v9Tj-]q{[.-=k6#1a{WCDQ{{eVkykL Z-fUr88 ozone, nitrogen oxides, chlorine and its oxides, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen selenide and sulfur dioxide, are re-corded as bulk solubilities; i.e., all chemical species of the gas and its reaction products with water are included. Rate of formation of carboxyhemoglobin in exercising humans exposed to carbon monoxide. A linear equation was fitted to the data (167) but the equation should have been curvilinear. A challenge to the healthcare community: the diagnosis of carbon monoxide poisoning. Urban angina in the mountains: effects of carbon monoxide and mild hypoxemia on subjects with chronic stable angina. 0000010499 00000 n Karr CJ, et al. Effect of prolonged exposure to elevated carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide levels on red blood cell parameters during submarine patrols. Keles A, Demircan A, Kurtoglu G. Carbon monoxide poisoning: how many patients do we miss? Consequently, even in the absence of any indoor sources, the 15-minute I : O for carbon monoxide varies from 0.2 to 4.1 and the daily I : O from 0.4 to 1.2. Chronic is defined as any exposure lasting more than 24 hours; acute is an exposure of 24 hours or less (76). Cognitive and affective outcomes of more severe compared to less severe carbon monoxide poisoning. Recent epidemiological studies of chronic environmental exposures are coherent with the results of the controlled human exposure studies. Neuropsychological toxicology: identification and assessment of human neurotoxic syndromes. Benignus VA. Neurotoxicity of environmental gases. [75] Following the first report that carbon monoxide is a normal neurotransmitter in 1993,[8] carbon monoxide has received significant clinical attention as a biological regulator. would react with water to form an unhealthy product or. Studies concerning accidental or peak exposures are presented separately in Table 2.2. Growth of the heart in health and disease. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Moolgavkar SH. For example, the highest frequency of complaints in reports included headache, poor hearing, chest pain, lassitude, fatigue and forgetfulness. %PDF-1.6 % Other older studies, many coming out of the Second World War, have not been included in published reviews by this author. The amount of carbon monoxide produced by these sources usually isn't cause for concern. Dales et al. If you want to promote your products or services in the Engineering ToolBox - please use Google Adwords. Hearing disturbances were noted in 78.3% of the patients suffering from chronic carbon monoxide poisoning. The references in each of the relevant articles were searched to find any other articles that might have been missed by the automated searches. 0000007421 00000 n At low concentrations, fatigue in healthy people and chest pain in people with heart disease. Those who are anxious owing to emotional or psychological conditions have increased pulmonary ventilation. 637642. 2021 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce include protected health information. Sign up for free, and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips and current health topics, like COVID-19, plus expertise on managing health. N1 is the number of cases for which air carbon monoxide concentration data are available. Occult carbon monoxide poisoning in an infant. All solubilities were measured with a constant pressure of 101.3 kPa (1 atm) of gas above the solutions. closed) breathing spaces. McGrath (93) reviewed the interacting effects on humans of altitude and carbon monoxide. Its molecular weight is 28.01 g/mol, melting point 205.1 C, boiling point (at 760 mmHg) 191.5 C (312.7 F), density 1.250 kg/m3 at 0 C and 1 atm and 1.145 kg/m3 at 25 C and 1 atm, and relative density (air = 1) 0.967 (1,2). 24028 0 obj <>stream Absorption and elimination of carbon monoxide by inactive young men. Weaver LK. The logarithm of the daily high-hour ambient carbon monoxide concentration recorded on the day of admission displayed the strongest and most consistent association with hospital admission rates among the pollutants, after stratifying the time series by month of the year and simultaneously adjusting for temperature, dew point and the other ambient air pollutants. Official websites use .gov Miller KA, et al. Associations between personal exposures and fixed-site ambient measurements of fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide in Toronto, Canada. Helffenstein's findings from his own study of 21 people chronically exposed to carbon monoxide are detailed in that same 2008 source. The formation of carboxymyoglobin also acts as another sink for carbon monoxide. At higher COHb, however, the curve is nearly linear. and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. H\j0z Thom SR, et al. Nielsen B. Methylene chloride, a solvent commonly found in paint and varnish removers, can break down (metabolize) into carbon monoxide when inhaled. Hauck H, Neuberger M. Carbon monoxide uptake and the resulting carboxyhemoglobin in man. Accessed Feb. 17, 2018. ST-segment changes), Chronic epidemiological studies of cardiovascular morbidity (heart attack, congestive heart failure , ischaemic heart disease), Limited or suggestive evidence of a relationship, Low birth weight, congenital defects and infant mortality, Excursions to this level should not occur more than once per day. Summary data from five studies on chronic carbon monoxide poisoning. An accumulating body of evidence indicates that direct carbon monoxide exposure (not COHb) can produce a number of brain cellular events that could potentially lead to serious functional consequences (see the section on health effects below). Stieb et al. When all of the internal doses and the behaviourally corrected doseeffect curves were compared, they nearly overlay each other. In: Penney DG, editor. 0 Jm; Many methods have been developed for carbon monoxide production.[64]. Penney (81) recently reviewed pitfalls in making diagnoses of carbon monoxide poisoning, especially chronic poisoning. In some cases the disease seemed to progress, although the patients being examined were then in surroundings free from coal gas. gabor.laurenczy@epfl.ch. Definition Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, practically odorless, and tasteless gas or liquid. Ekblom B, Huot R. Response to submaximal and maximal exercise at different levels of carboxyhemoglobin. Indoor concentrations of carbon monoxide and indoor : outdoor (I : O) ratios, Summary data from five studies on chronic carbon monoxide poisoning, http://physiology.umc.edu/themodelingworkshop/, http://www.coheadquarters.com/ChronicCO/indexchronic2.htm, http://www.coheadquarters.com/coacute.mech1.htm, Coal & biomass for cooking; coal for heating, Airport authority building control tower ground floor, Underground car parks, enclosed ice rinks, etc; homes with gas appliances, Case studies on carbon monoxide poisoning, Case study of a carbon monoxide poisoning (epidemiological study), 68 cases of carbon monoxide poisoning, 27 deaths 19892004, Sufficient evidence of a causal relationship, Acute exposure-related reduction of exercise tolerance and increase in symptoms of ischaemic heart disease (e.g. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which John Alexander Donald, in Handbook of Hormones, 2016. ojn R~6o5i=LB#}VJ:A2NVNk.q(zXIdnfIyZxPh|* l:yIr mMz-[A{cDpF FOgH^FjSZhj l.b\|)AP6Q73 Kw.[Gw1,,tAzvVL,n-/*YfMlKV_F6I/M6/{wv @:A[3 A multicompartment model of carboxyhemoglobin and carboxymyoglobin responses to inhalation of carbon monoxide. Other recent studies indicate that carbon monoxide poisoning can cause immune system dysfunction (164) that causes decrements in learning not observed in immunologically tolerant animals. Incomplete oxidation during combustion in gas ranges and unvented gas or kerosene heaters may cause high concentrations of CO in indoor air. Carbon monoxide has a slightly lower density than air. on behalf of the United States of America. The standard free energy value is -257.2kJ. endstream endobj 33 0 obj[76 0 R] endobj 34 0 obj<> endobj 35 0 obj<>stream rC-(oKLwUFe 0000062040 00000 n Health Effects Associated with Carbon Monoxide. Since outdoor air inevitably becomes indoor air, some consideration of carbon monoxide levels in outdoor air and their effects on humans are required. Flachsbart PG. JavaScript appears to be disabled on this computer. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology. 2015;41:479. Inhalation is the only exogenous exposure route for carbon monoxide. The use of hyperbaric oxygen following carbon monoxide poisoning in rats prevented deficits in maze-learning performance and MBP immune-mediated neurological dysfunction (165). Barnett AG, et al. (151) found a similar association in ten Canadian cities. Real-time concentrations of CO and NO. Yang CY, et al. This technology allows coal or biomass to be converted to diesel. Geographical, spatial, and temporal distributions of multiple indoor air pollutants in four Chinese provinces. Air pollution and hospitalization for headache in Chile. Epidemiological studies reported prior to 2000 dealing with carbon monoxide effects relative to mortality, birth weight, asthma, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, psychiatric admissions, etc. Note that for gases in combination with other gases - like oxygen in air - the partial pressure of the gas must be used. E-mail: Piatt JP, et al. (135). The solubility of carbon monoxide in 37 ionic liquids and in some organic solvents has been determined using high-pressure 13C NMR spectroscopy; a method for predicting the CO solubility is demonstrated, and it was shown that the rate of the hydroformylation of 5-hexen-2-one does not correlate with the CO solubility, as expected from the determined relative solubility of CO compared to H2. The body of literature from both kinds of study is large and growing, and is consistent with subtle but often profound health effects at low carbon monoxide levels. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. Carbon monoxide brain toxicity: clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and neuropsychological effects in 9 people. Characterization of personal exposure to air pollutants of subjects living in Milan; Indoor Air '96. is dissolved in water. 2. Carboxymyoglobin is more stable than the oxygenated form of myoglobin, oxymyoglobin, which can become oxidized to the brown pigment metmyoglobin. Aside from open-fire cooking with solid fuels, the most common sources for elevated carbon monoxide concentrations in indoor air are unvented gas appliances, tobacco smoking and proximity to busy traffic. Beck HG. Yang CY. 0000003115 00000 n This study is similar to an earlier epidemiological investigation by Hexter & Goldsmith (140), reviewed by Penney (76). Comparison of cerebrovascular response to hypoxic and carbon monoxide hypoxia in newborn and adult sheep. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, "Fourteen years of carbon monoxide from MOPITT", "A brief history of carbon monoxide and its therapeutic origins", Common Bond Energies (D) and Bond Lengths (r), "Highly Excited Triplet States of Carbon Monoxide", "An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality: Carbon Monoxide (CO)", "Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Vehicles (AEN-208)", "MOPITT, Atmospheric Pollution, and Me: A Personal Story", "IASI carbon monoxide validation over the Arctic during POLARCAT spring and summer campaigns", "Relative changes in CO emissions over megacities based on observations from space", "Potential for photochemical ozone formation in the troposphere over the North Atlantic as derived from aircraft observationsduring ACSOE", "MSHA - Occupational Illness and Injury Prevention Program - Health Topics - Carbon Monoxide", "Did two planets around nearby star collide?
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